A vision for a 21st-century school is becoming reality with the renovation and expansion underway at Houston Independent School District’s Lamar High School.

休斯顿选民在2012年通过了18.9亿美元的债券方案的推动力，这将资助40所HISD学校的重建或翻新，在经过近五年的计划后，拉马尔高中项目于2017年3月破产。

珀金斯+威尔·威尔（Perkins+Will）的高级项目建筑师凯瑟琳·道尔顿（Catherine Dalton）表示，在设计开始之前，项目团队了解到拉马尔的新校园将是独特的 - 在该地区甚至州的任何事物都不一样。

HISD支持当时学校的校长詹姆斯·麦克斯温（James McSwaine），他希望“激活变革并设计一所学校，使学生成为全球思想家，拥有全面的21世纪技能，以将其推向未来的前锋职业，” Dalton解释说。

在债券计划获得批准后，但在计划和编程完成之前，珀金斯+将参与其中。

承包商Gilbane Building Co.于2014年加入了该团队，该团队的建筑经理处于高风险合同，建筑成本为1.05亿美元。

“That was to begin our preconstruction efforts with HISD and the design team to reimagine and design a school that’s built for the future,” says Mike Chowaniec, project manager with Gilbane. “So that design process worked its way through the usual process up to about 2016, when it first went out for bid to subcontractors.”

巨大的范围

拉马尔（Lamar）现有的校园建于1937年，并于1987年扩展。设施包括三座学术建筑，一座自助餐厅，自助餐厅和图书馆。该项目团队正在建造一个新的288,979平方英尺，四层楼的学术翼，其中包括一个两层楼的田径翼，带有20,000平方英尺的健身房和一个带有8,000平方英尺的游泳池和202,920平方米- 英尺，五层预制停车场。

Chowaniec说：“这种新建筑实际上将取代现有的运动场和后座学术建筑。”同时，正在翻修1937年的现有建筑物，涵盖了三个故事和132,793平方英尺。新的和旧建筑将通过第二层Skybridge连接。

Some of the other existing buildings on campus were demolished along with surface parking, opening up space for the new athletic fields.

“The new design is much more compact and concentrated to the east, which allows room for fields to the west,” says Leo Lopez, project architect with Perkins+Will.

他说，翻新范围包括新的洗手间，MEP系统升级，ADA可访问性改进以及重新利用现有的新艺术教室空间，表演艺术，特殊教育，职业和技术教育计划。

Chowaniec说：“随着任何80多个历史的建筑，建筑的手段和方法都发生了变化，在用新材料代替原始材料和系统时，它们会面临挑战。”

他说，吉尔班（Gilbane）的团队使用X射线技术和激光扫描来记录现有条件并确定更新的MEP系统的新途径，并与设计团队和供应商紧密合作，以确定将与原始建筑物融为一体的新材料。

Other items included under the project’s scope are a 4,450-sq-ft central utility plant, two and a half football fields, a full-size track, a baseball field, softball field and three tennis courts, along with a dining facility featuring 6,500 sq ft of culinary lab and kitchen space, with 16 distributed dining pods, plus a 4,000-sq-ft theater.

Lamar的新校园将获得LEED认证。

“Potable water use reduction was achieved through use of efficient low-flow fixtures and using native and adaptive plant species,” says Megan Recher, sustainable building adviser with Perkins+Will. “In addition, waste diversion on this project is tracking at 92%, primarily through repurposing demolished building materials from the existing buildings for other uses.”

创新设计

To realize a vision of a 21st-century school, Perkins+Will’s predesign strategy involved forming a committee that visited educational facilities with innovative models as well as the International Baccalaureate National Headquarters, Google and IDEO to “understand the Lamar learner profile we were trying to build for,” Dalton says.

“One of the key pieces was designing a school that could grow and change with changes in education,” says Rita Graves, who became principal of Lamar in 2018. “They wanted to design a building that didn’t just look like and feel like what education has looked like and felt like for 100 plus years, but something that is really innovative.”

Given the size of both Lamar’s campus and student body of more than 3,000, sometimes it is hard for students to feel connected, Graves says. The design team was asked to make a big school feel like a small one. The solution was four flexible learning spaces, with four “neighborhoods” within each space—each neighborhood is assigned about 175 students. These smaller learning communities each have four core content teachers (science, math, history and English).

格雷夫斯说，这使得新学校与HISD迄今为止建立的任何其他学校都有很大不同。

学校还取消了贝尔时间表和传统的itional lunch rotations, and “the design responded by incorporating large open flexible spaces supported by amenity suites and break-out spaces for one-on-one and/or group instruction,” Dalton says. The amenity suites include restrooms, teacher suites and distributed dining with grab-and-go catering so students can eat at any time of day.

There were some structural challenges to incorporate these flexible spaces, Dalton explains, such as trying to reduce the number of columns in the open cohort area while working with the structural span limitations and cantilevered floors.

她说：“更复杂的是，由于每种程序类型都有自己的首选跨度，因此在表演艺术和零售空间上方的堆叠队列空间编程。”洛佩兹补充说，零售空间包括1,000平方英尺的银行和1,500平方英尺的咖啡店，两者都向校园北侧的主要道路向外开放。

Unknowns and Challenges

为了降低成本，Pe18luck.cubrkins+Will，HISD和Gilbane紧密合作，以确定维持设计使用或美学要求的较便宜的选择。

“For instance, the metal panel cladding system was value engineered to a more economical panel construction,” Chowaniec says. In addition, a specific resinous flooring product that the design team used on some past projects was swapped for one that looked and performed the same but cost less.

一个很大的障碍是众多无证件公用事业线。他说：“每次发现某事时，直接关注的是要维持现有校园的服务” - 他说，工作时间就完成了。

TAS Commercial Concrete放置的学校的基础和板上使用了13,000多种混凝土。

洛佩兹说，项目团队必须与一个内陆且非常紧密的站点抗衡，并应对与交通，学校接送线和停车有关的社区问题。

他说：“休斯顿市需要900个停车位，但我们获得了700个空间的差异，这主要是通过五层楼的530个空间停车场来解决的。”“我们的解决方案是将学校堆放在停车场，公共汽车下车和家长下车区域上，”建立一个有盖的接送区域。东得克萨斯州的预制剂仅用16,000立方英尺的混凝土来停车车库。

Since the new academic wing stands four stories tall, the building is framed in 1,850 tons of structural steel, with 300 tons of steel joists and decking. The sequencing of that structure had to be carefully coordinated with steel erector Steel Fabricators of Monroe, Chowaniec says.

Minimal laydown areas on site required just-in-time delivery of the steel. Since the structural steel design is robust, that also left less space overhead for MEP systems, Chowaniec explains.

他说：“结构钢与MEP之间的BIM协调在每个序列中至关重要，以确保所有组件共同起作用。”

该项目的启动时，现场物流进一步复杂，因为德克萨斯州运输部的三条街道中有两条街道正在建设中，并且需要与公路工作人员以及学生和公众进行仔细协调。

Gilbane used BIM 360 to track progress and quality on site as well as 3D printing to create a scaled model and site plan the project team could use during both preconstruction and coordination meetings.

Chowaniec说：“可以实时显示和更新起重机，钢勃起，交付通道，封路等。”

为了将新学校与现有建筑物联系起来，设计要求将砌体混合在一起。Winco Masonry安装了超过28,000平方英尺的砖砌。Chowaniec指出，新的学术翼有砖砌外墙，但其他建筑物的外墙完全不同。

“Put the buildings next to each other and they’re two different components,” he says. “I think that’s the intent—it shows the future school versus the history of where the school started.”

该立面还包括装饰金属面板和一个统一的堆叠窗帘墙系统。外部玻璃从地板到天花板延伸，最大化流入邻里空间的日光量。

Chowaniec说：“社区的内墙是全高店面，它使外部照明能够在建筑物内部更远，这与传统的教室/走廊建筑不同。”

在现有的现有校园工作很具有挑战性，承包商必须确保学生和公众安全。建筑帐篷和围栏封闭的建筑，但是随着不断的变化和街道维修，必须与学校进行频繁的沟通。

“Since construction changes so fast, having students know where the safe path is to get from where they’re dropped off to the school is critical,” Chowaniec adds.

Gilbane’s project team has worked 800,000 man hours with one recordable and zero lost time incidents.

工作正在进行预算，学校将于8月25日开放课程。