For design professionals, supporting the ongoing COVID-19 surge in the number of hospital beds needed is a matter of urgency. They are taking steps to educate practitioners about best practices in pop-up hospital design. They also are advising governments about the safe design and construction of temporary facilities. And they are pushing the fledgling Hotel2Hospital movement, with prototype designs and teams ready to act as soon as deals are inked between private hotel owners and the government.

With an eye on mitigating the toll of future epidemics, groups such as the American Institute of Architects (AIA), ASHRAE—which primarily represents heating, ventilating and air-conditioning engineers—and the American Society of Health Care Engineering (ASHE) also are studying ways that codes and standards can be shaped to prevent disease transmission in all buildings.

Practitioners also are warning officials that haste in providing temporary facilities can create unintended negative consequences. Traci A. Hanegan, chair of ASHRAE’s health care facilities technical committee (TC 9.6) and a principal mechanical engineer with Coffman Engineers Inc., cautions that some methods to segregate COVID-19 patients may be beneficial to the patients, but not to health care providers.

“We have been able to provide input on how to create space for patients while keeping the safety of our health care providers in mind and still preserving life-safety provisions,” says Hanegan.

ASHRAE has formed an epidemic task force. Its first meeting was March 29. “Our immediate focus will be on supporting health care facility capacity needs in the face of the current surge in admissions, but we will also be providing guidance on short-term measures applicable to other types of buildings,” says William P. Bahnfleth, professor of architectural engineering at Pennsylvania State University and the group’s chair.

多学科小组的九个投票成员具有医疗机构设计，商业建筑设计，职业健康，医学，气溶胶科学，空气和表面消毒和其他相关领域的背景。该小组的无投票成员是联络员的联络员，是关键的Ashrae委员会（标准，技术活动，政府活动）和ASHRAE工作人员。

阿什雷（Ashrae）2013 - 14年的总裁巴恩弗雷斯（Bahnfleth）预计该工作队将进入2021年中期，目的是改善对未来流行病的准备。他说：“我正在设想生产针对技术和标准委员会专家生产的不同占用类型的简明指导文件，并由工作队协调。”一名工作队成员已经与住宅建筑委员会保持联系。

Architects are not sitting still, either. On March 26, AIA launched a national task force to help inform public officials, health care facility owners and architects about the safe adaptation of buildings into temporary health care facilities.

The task force expects to release its report in early April and is developing a COVID-19 rapid-response safety space-assessment document for AIA members. It will include considerations for the suitability of buildings, spaces and other sites for patient care. Architects with expertise in health care facility design, urban design, public health and disaster assistance are developing the document.

The task force is chaired by Molly Scanlon, an environmental scientist who is the director of standards, compliance and research at Phigenics. The group is a direct result of a March 23 virtual meeting convened by Rachel Minnery, AIA’s senior director for resilience, adaptation and disaster assistance.

Minnery说：“大多数州卫生部门没有提供准备替代条款的政策，因此分享我们从病毒热区中学到的政策和实践的内容具有巨大的价值。”

Bahnfleth says the ASHRAE task force’s top priority is mobilizing. Once that is done, he expects to reach out to AIA and other groups to cross-pollinate ideas and activities. “Networking with other organizations is something we view as essential,” he says.

Ashrae的TC 9.6及其标准170卫生保健设施通风委员会的成员已经为医院和诊所的应对提供了传播指导。委员会还开发了一份长达51页的文件，并提供了ASHE投入。它是免费下载的。

Public convention centers and sports facilities are the low-hanging fruit for surge beds. For the new private Hotel2Hospital (H2H) movement, the biggest stumbling block is insurance, says Mark Pratt, global hospitality practice leader for architect-engineer Leo A Daly.

他说：“百分之九十的酒店经营者希望在大流行期间做好事，并在大流行期间产生收入，但他们需要保险来保护它们。”普拉特说，至少很快在纽约市，H2H保险logjam可能会破裂。他说，新利luck在Enr发稿时，酒店经营者，保险公司和州官员接近一项决议，拒绝更具体，除了说酒店经营者在该市拥有十二座建筑物。

At the ready, Daly created H2H prototypes—from simple first responder rooms to COVID-19 patient rooms.

戴利的全球健康实践负责人约书亚·西奥多（Joshua Theodore）说，让急救人员休息的房间几乎没有花费进行改造。对于非covid-19患者，每张床的费用约为125,000至150,000美元，需要大约一到两周的时间进行改造。Theodore说，对于Covid-19患者而言，根据设施和需求，费用将超过每张床15万美元，并需要两到三周。他说，这与新的100张病床医院的每张床费用约为200万美元，具体取决于该地区。