巴拿马运河管理局（ACP）正在寻求全球承包商的竞标，估计有20亿美元的水供应基础设施项目，以帮助修复由于保护措施和新费用，这些归因于气候变化产生的干旱条件，这些水位影响了气候变化产生的干旱状况。18luck官网该计划将是100％的代理资助，旨在满足战略水道的水需求；作为50年的当地饮用水供应需求。

In a request for qualifications issued Sept. 7, the authority said the contractor will be responsible for program concept, design and construction, which will include identifying sites where component projects, will be built, and for all investigations, surveys and studies necessary, including hydrological, climatic and environmental conditions.

A short list will be developed late this year from companies submitting responses to the RFQ that will be allowed to submit proposals.

RFQ’s are due Nov. 12. ACP will select the best value proposal by the last quarter of 2021, an agency spokesman told ENR. Construction is expected to take four to five years.

在热带地区管理水

The project must be built to United Nations Sustainable Development goals. The new water management system also must include water treatment plants for Panama City. “Historically low levels of water in recent years only exacerbated the need to adopt a comprehensive plan,” Ricaurte Vasquez, canal administrator, said in releasing the RFQ.

In February, ACP implemented a series of measures including fees on vessels that travel through the expanded canal and a reduced number of transit slots—some of which were awarded through an auction to keep water levels in the canal high enough for operations after the record setting drop in rainfall in recent years threatened to significantly affect the free flow of cargo through the canal, an ACP spokesman said.

Previous conservation measures including suspending hydroelectric plant operations and limiting the amount of cargo on ships had not kept water levels high enough. The agency also began cross filling locks, which the spokesman said is a method that sends water during transits between the two shipping lanes to save water.

2016年完成的运河的50亿美元扩建也给水资源带来了压力。

About 50 million gallons of fresh water are lost through the locks to the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Earlier this year when the latest conservation measures were put in place, Carlos Vargas, ACP executive vice president for environment, water and energy said, “We have no doubt that we need to build more reservoirs,”

Vargas blames the water shortage on climate change and said capital improvements are the most effective way to mitigate it.

In a report released in January, the authority found that rainfall in 2019 was 20% below the historic average—the fifth driest year in 70 years causing water levels to drop far below average. It followed several years of lower than average rainfall and an increase in water evaporation due to a rise in air temperatures.

Water levels were projected to drop below operational levels that would cause an “unprecedented impact” on customers.

Two artificial lakes, Gatun and Alajuela, provide water to the canal and to Panama’s population, but ACP said the Chagres River watershed, which supplies both, has no more water to give. In December 2018, precipitation in the watershed was approximately 90% below the historic average, causing water levels in both lakes to drop below normal.

Canal and Drinking Water supply

根据RFQ的说法，新水管理系统的“最重要目标”是提供一种整体和集成的解决方案，以解决运河盆地和饮用水的数量，质量和控制问题的问题。该方法将是承包商。

ACP will take no responsibility for suitability of the design or the site.

The contractor’s solution should incorporate new sources of natural freshwater transfer from river basins near the Panama Canal basin and should provide an estimated 1.4 billion cu meters per year.

The solution should be based on “human and municipal and industrial water demand forecast estimated around 900 million cubic meters per year for 2034 and canal operations demand of about 3,700 million cubic meters per year for 2034.." says the RFQ.

承包商必须提供新的reservoirs with a capacity of about 1,1 billion cu m.

The proposed solution also must include water treatment plants on the banks of Gatun Lake to be built by 2034.