在第14街附近的曼哈顿的远西侧，看起来像是132个巨型白色郁金香的田地，高达哈德逊河高达62英尺。在各个高度的单个桩上，身高20英尺的混凝土杯状锅子可能会使路人感觉像Thumbelina，这是一个生活在花朵内的小童话角色。这些锅容纳400种树木，灌木和植物，并产生起伏波的幻想。

小岛 - 2.5亿美元的哈德逊河公园信托基金会项目，主要由巴里·迪勒（Barry Diller）和黛安·冯·弗斯滕伯格（Diane von Furstenberg）的家庭基金会资助 - 实际上将码头和公园的想法提升到了新的水平。它使用了许多专家认为不能以这种方式使用的预制混凝土组件。3英尺长的桩深到水下200英尺；锅下方的平坦，传统的码头；MEP系统通常不在码头上使用，而是支持公园的700个座位露天剧场，演员和公共洗手间的后台区域。

“When I started working on the project, we weren’t really sure if it could be built,” says Celine Armstrong, Little Island project executive.

Planning for the project began in 2012, with “all the innovation and coordination happening through 2016 and 2017 between various team members before “construction really started in March 2018,” says Kevin Zimont, a project executive at construction management firm Hunter Roberts Construction Group.

Diller selected London architect Heatherwick Studio’s design after a competition, and the trust put together the local team including Arup, which provided structural, mechanical, electrical, civil and plumbing engineering as well as acoustics, safety and other consulting; cement precast solutions provider The Fort Miller Group; marine engineer Mueser Rutledge Consulting Engineers; marine contractor Weeks Marine; landscape architect Mathews Nielsen Landscape Architects; and landscape contractor BrightView Landscape Development.

“We got involved at the very beginning,” says David Farnsworth, a principal at Arup, noting that the “scheme started out as an island around the time Superstorm Sandy” had hit New York City. The storm required a design change, and the team had to make sure the pier-park hybrid would “gently slope up above flood levels,” he says.

500年的洪水海拔高度为11英尺，因此考虑波浪和海平面上升的情况，该团队决定，在大多数锅和房屋下延伸的公寓，更传统的码头应该在水上高15英尺。

Farnsworth说：“我们想[减少]对景观的损害，Mueser还将其设计为弹性动作。”

所有这些刺激了特定的建筑创新。他说：“我们从海拔增长的意识到的一件事是，它创造了许多独特的地理。”

这需要独特的解决方案。

这些最明显的是花盆，看起来像花的花瓣形成。考虑到巨型杯子的制造，“花瓣”特别恰当，包括将也称为花瓣的碎片组合在一起。哈德逊河公园信托基金（Hudson River Park Trust）在重建旧码头方面有很多经验，法恩斯沃思（Farnsworth）表示，店主认为应该使用预制混凝土制成锅，这对腐蚀，盐和其他破坏性元素有效，对水上含水。

每个锅中的复杂性

Farnsworth says one Arup engineer was racking his brain, “trying to make them look like soap bubbles” while aligning with the designer’s wish that they avoid building “rows of marching columns in a straight line.” The answer was to use a “Cairo pentagon tilting pattern,” a geometric repeating pattern common to Middle Eastern art, and the massive containers would then be “stretched [upward] at varying heights,” Farnworth says.

The team used 39 sets of formworks made after extensive 3D computer modeling to create the 132 pots. Then they could reuse the formworks and, depending on the vertical plane of each pot, pour varying “petals”—about four to six for each cup. But finding a precast concrete solution provider that could do the job was more challenging than the computer modeling.

米勒堡（Fort Miller Co.）总裁斯科特·哈里根（Scott D.会对工作感兴趣。他说：“显然，他们被告知这个概念是疯狂的，不适合预制。”“听起来像我们的工作！”

哈里根（Harrigan）说，最初指定的“几乎没有尺寸”的花盆的最终计划，尽管所有零件都有3D型号。

这并不是他的公司通常为其他项目（例如桥梁和大中央航站楼洞穴）创建预制的方式。18luck官网他说：“这是当您胃坑中形成肿块的时候……我们以前从未走过这条路。”

最终，米勒堡（Fort Miller）为一家姊妹公司配备了技术，以铣削和涂上泡沫表格，以便工人可以在上面施放混凝土。哈里根说：“我们的年生产能力的三分之一被这个项目流离失所。

它的工人使用机器人铣床来创建每个锅的泡沫型号，然后将碎片放在一座600英尺长的建筑物的地板上，该建筑仅用于工作。“基本上就像折纸一样，”法恩斯沃思说。“他们使用了自动激光切割器，然后将它们'折叠起来，然后将其铸成混凝土。”

对于“所有这些几何形状，我们都创建了3D模型，” Farnsworth说。他说，Arup工程师将建模用于详细介绍钢筋，例如Bar Bends，其中每一部分都“由Arup建模并以数字方式转移到Fort Miller”。阿姆斯特朗计划回忆说：“这是一个六到八个月的过程。”

聚集在河边

Because of their sheer size, the pots had to be assembled away from the shop. Individual petals were shipped by road from Fort Miller’s Schuylerville, N.Y., facilities to the Port of Coeymans on the Hudson River, 10 miles south of Albany and 100 miles north of New York City.

Weeks Marine would then take custody of the pieces, assemble them, weld the connecting plates and use a gantry crane to load four complete pods onto one barge. Sometimes workers would reach the end of the petal assembly process and realize, “Oh no, I’m off a half-inch,” Armstrong says. So the team would go around clockwise again until it was just right, then hold it in place and welds it together.

Zimont说，驳船乘车大约需要14个小时，拖船浮动到曼哈顿的工作地点。

While the pots were being modeled, cast and assembled, marine contractors drove the pilings in stages, up to 200 ft below the river. Zimont says pilework required “a lot of planning and precision and a little bit of confidence.” The project includes a total of 267 cylinder piles, including those for the flat lower pier underneath the pots. They each support about 250 to 350 tons.

为了确保在上衣时不会堆积的预制桩，每个都有钢制导管柱 - 空心混凝土桩内部的金属管，放在锅上。Zimont说：“由于花盆的偏心和锅掉落的可能性，我们必须将杯子的特定安装顺序开发到桩上。”

在两个季节中，有两件事需要驾驶桩：公园的限制和环境限制，该限制只允许在5月至11月进行哈德逊河上的此类工作。因此，在2018年的那几个月中，团队驾驶了164块桩，然后在接下来的淡季安装了第一组锅。Drive 103的第二任期发生了更多桩，发生在2019年5月到2019年7月。

While driving the piles, the team had to constantly probe for obstructions, then decide whether to remove the obstruction or remove the pile. Placement required extreme precision because the pots were designed to be 9 in. apart with a 3-in. variation, and also because there would be “significant cost and impact," Zimont says.

Green Pier, Theater Works

在将最后一个锅放在最后的打桩上后，球队的工作只完成了一半。Zimont指出：“我们必须在这些事情上建造一个公园。”他说，将聚丙烯的地理纤维放在土壤中以稳定在极端斜坡上。Zimont补充说，该团队需要在公园建成之前，需要建立一个广泛的灌溉系统，“尽早启动，以确保树木，植物和灌木不会死亡”。

树一样高35英尺,12-in-dia树干,回答e harvested from nurseries and planted into 4 ft of soil in the pots. Reinforced concrete slabs beneath the dirt ensure that roots can’t penetrate and grow through the cup, Farnsworth says. Using other flora as well—shrubs, grasses and perennials—each corner of the park will represent a different microclimate depending on topography, sun exposure and wind patterns.

Jewel of the Job

但是，正如Zimont所说，“工作的珠宝”是700个座位的圆形剧场，基金会表示，该剧院将展示负担得起的表演。

“When you walk out to the park, you don’t even know the amphitheater is there until you get to the top,” he says. “You’re looking over the river and the sun sets … the team and I have had some good times there, just talking about the job.”

The flat pier portion, which is under the biggest “hill” of the park, is “where we’ve nestled the public restrooms and the changing rooms for the actors who will perform in the theater,” Farnsworth says.

The flat pier also enabled the team to use a big crawler crane.

A working theater and a large public place both require lighting, electricity, plumbing and other systems. Installing these on a pier made for specific challenges.

Farnsworth说：“我们必须建模所有的公用事业，并在平板表面上方上升。”

“现实是因为公园的斜坡以及我们可以和不能在公园无法在公园的结构能力，2.4英亩的土地确实缩小到一英亩，以拥有所有这些人，存放材料，安装土壤并制造土壤送货。” Zimont说。

当只有一个交易一次可以使用葫芦时，他将其比作建造高层。解决方法包括从水中运送材料和设备，使用现场多个起重机，甚至漂浮在驳船上并设置起重机。

“It’s a merry-go-round, almost, trying to get in and out of the park,” Zimont says.

The team’s extreme collaboration and precision went beyond what the firms had done before, according to those interviewed.

哈里根说：“随着几何形状的变化，每天都带来了更多的挑战。”“我们高技能的木匠和生产伙伴被推到了极限。”

阿姆斯特朗的缪斯女神：“也许这是一个不太有趣的项目，我们就不会合作。”她说，但是希瑟威克（Heatherwick）开发了“我们所有人想要的这种创意设计”，确保可以建立。

Essential Park

Little Island was considered an “essential project” that was not legally mandated to shut down during the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic. But the team paused for about three weeks to do “an entire deep clean” and bring in hot water stations, Armstrong says, calling it “a significant amount of protocol to keep workers safe.”

Adds Zimont: “We didn’t have any outbreaks out here.”

作为户外工作地点，公园比其他项目更安全，一旦今年春天开放，它将保持安全的空间。18luck官网

“One thing I hope this project is able to do is attract more people to step up and donate for open spaces,” Armstrong says. That’s what makes Little Island crucial, she adds, noting that the surrounding neighborhood is a “park desert.”

即使纽约人不处理准征服条件并迫切需要大型的户外公共场所，阿姆斯特朗表示，小岛的完成将是该行业的福音，因为“它可以使人们思考创新的建筑。”