With a deadline looming, Canada is fighting against the closure of Line 5, a 68-year-old underwater line that carries crude oil and natural gas liquids through the Straits of Mackinac that Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer wants shut down due to spill risks.

十一月，民主党人惠特默（Whitmer）（D）宣布，她正在撤销许可证，该许可使卡尔加里（Calgary）允许位于艾伯塔省的跨国能源提供商Enbridge Inc.运营5号线的密歇根州部分，这是沿着海峡底部的4英里部分，密歇根湖和休伦湖。

惠特默（Whitmer）援引对溢出或泄漏造成的环境损害的担忧，直到5月12日将其关闭。她说：“恩布里奇（Enbridge）经常拒绝采取行动来保护我们的大湖区和数百万美国人，这些美国人依靠他们来清理饮用水和好工作。”

Whitmer alleged that Enbridge repeatedly violated terms of a 1953 easement, which allows for an extension of the 4-mile portion of the pipeline through the straits, by ignoring structural problems that put the lakes at risk.

该州指定了在2018年和2019年撞击管道的两起事件，旨在保护它们的涂层受到电缆或船只的损坏。

Ryan Duffy, a spokesperson for Enbridge, said this week that the company has no intention of shutting the pipeline.

“This matter is currently being litigated in federal court,” he said. “The parties are also engaged in mediation. Further, a treaty with Canada prohibits the state from taking unilateral action to close the pipelines.”

Although the state and Enbridge have been in negotiations, there is no word yet from Michigan on whether it has altered its position even as Canada has voiced support for uninterrupted operation of the line.

Kirsten Hillman, Canada’s ambassador to the U.S. said in an email that closing the pipeline would pose dire economic impacts for both countries.

她说，这将极大地影响安大略省和魁北克的六个炼油厂，以及萨尼亚石化制造业综合体和加拿大西部的生产商，以及密歇根州，俄亥俄州和宾夕法尼亚州的炼油厂，这些炼油厂取决于持续运作的生产线。

Closure of one of the U.S. refineries alone "would result in a loss of billions in annual economic output, with thousands of jobs potentially impacted,” she said.

希尔曼补充说，第5行提供的原材料被完善，以产生密歇根丙烷需求的55％，对于为底特律机场生产喷气燃料至关重要。密歇根州的上半岛的居民依靠丙烷用于家庭加热燃料，尽管该州的家庭能源发电组合更南方。

希尔曼还断言，需要代替管道所需的铁路和卡车运输将导致二氧化碳的排放和运输成本较高。18luck.cub

Hillman said Canadian officials have had 10 meetings with top Biden administration officials during which Line 5 was raised.

她在信中说：“在这些会议中，我们强调了第5行的两个国家的经济和能源安全福利，这是我们更广泛的综合关系的一部分 - 以及该线路关闭的重大影响。”

达菲一致认为，关闭管道将对加拿大产生严重的经济影响。他说：“第5行向安大略省和魁北克提供了哪些供应，对于经济和成千上万的加拿大人每天都依赖的产品至关重要。”

罗杰·Gauthier司库Mackin的海峡ac Alliance, a citizens group in the U.S. that supports Line 5 shutdown, believes the potential economic impacts of a closure on Michigan have been overstated.

“The Canadian government, especially the provincial government of Ontario, needs to recognize the [environmental] risk that this outdated line will pose to its own constituents,” he said. “Clearly the issues of economic impacts of a shutdown of the line by Enbridge are grossly overstated.”

他还说，该产品线运输的大多数商品都用于加拿大炼油厂进行加拿大消费。他说：“很少有影响密歇根州及其选民的能源需求。”

Enbridge的Duffy坚持认为管道是安全的，并且涂层损坏问题去年七月只是适当的维护。

“The federal safety regulator, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Administration, has consistently determined, as recently as 2020, that Line 5 is safe based on its review of extensive inspection data," he said.

Both Enbridge and Canadian officials favor a deal struck in 2018 with former Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder (R), which allows for replacement of the pipeline’s underwater portion with a new segment that would be contained inside a tunnel to be drilled through bedrock beneath the straits.

达菲说，恩布里奇（Enbridge）正在寻求建造5亿美元出色隧道项目所需的许可证，这将包括线条和空间以进行更好的定期维护，因为隧道设想足够大，可以使卡车驾驶。

“In the meantime, Line 5 must stay open,” he said. “It is a critical piece of North American energy infrastructure that benefits both Canada and the U.S.”

希尔曼同意。“鉴于加拿大对大湖区的投资和投资，我们认为拟议的大湖隧道项目将增强对这些水域的保护。”

Gov. Whitmer's office was contacted but has responded to ENR queries.