B如今，Uilding信息建模正处于巨大的压力下，BIM世界目前从建筑业的现实转变为“平行”概念世界，不一定反映建筑物的真正工程，建筑和运营。
有几个弱点必须改变，以使这个具有挑战性的信息系统重返现实，尤其是将BIM分为七个“维度”。尺寸有可能引入太多无法反映塑造建筑过程的多学科思想的垂直孤岛。这些垂直筒仓使引入数字双胞胎和实时建筑监控等创新变得更加困难。
The first weakness is in the seven BIM dimensions, which are currently a plan view (2D), geometrical shape (3D), scheduling (4D), estimating (5D), sustainability (6D) and facility management (7D). Although these dimensions are often thought in separate and vertical ways, the construction sector is not neatly divided to fit them. Construction and building management is most often thought of as design, construction and management. This is the reality to which BIM has to return.
在三个基本阶段中的每个阶段中的每个阶段，必须在多学科的基础上考虑BIM维度。由于成本没有18luck.cub与计划分开，为什么我们有4D和5D？可持续性显然涉及3D建模和设施管理。
Next, let's think about design dimensions, such as sustainability. In several countries, there are national or international programs with standard parameters to monitor sustainability or general energy consumption and a schedule of parameters which requires static and dynamic simulation, analysis and reports. Each of these parameters is also linked with cost and monitoring.
如果可持续性不是可能需要翻新的新建筑物和现有建筑物的设计评估方面，那么只有与可持续性相关的维度就没有意义。这种方式很薄：为什么我们没有结构计算或消防安全策略的维度？因为结构计算和消防安全策略是设计的各个方面！这些方面中的每一个都是相互联系的，必须与设计阶段相关联，该阶段收集并产生了监视和设施管理阶段所需的信息。
So, to our way of thinking, sustainability is not a dimension but a design aspect like every other discipline.
我们的第三个主要要点是建筑物监测和设施管理，这是建筑物中最长，最昂贵的阶段，涉及整个生命周期，占整体成本的70％。18luck.cub必须在设计阶段对设施管理进行构思和计划，并通过建筑物监控来支持。在设计期间做出的选择必须在建筑物的生活期间进行评估，设计选择和实际构造将产生数据，有助于监视和维护建筑物一生。
So all that data can't come from the seventh dimension alone, unlinked to other aspect of the building's creation. Every digital analyses of the building's design and construction are linked with the facility stage, and if it isn't done at first, it will be needed in the near future.
实时维度
Today, the average car has sensors which constantly monitor its performance. Real-time building monitoring has to be considered in the BIM digital world. What we now call the facility dimension of BIM shall become, in the near future, the real-time dimension, where the stream of information that goes to and from the building becomes the building's digital twin.
已经有一些例子,数字的双胞胎s and real-time BIM are used successfully, such as in sensor-filled tunnels and bridges. From bridge monitors, the managers get daily reports about structural stresses and special messages with information about critical situations. The same could be done in highrises, museums and hospitals. Facility strategies, including maintenance, will have to be considered in the design phase. Monitoring will reduce costs and time needed for extraordinary maintenance.
Reducing the number of BIM dimensions to reflect the actual construction process will provide a deeper, clearer and more realistic link with the construction sector. Assigning the right dimension to the right stage(s) of construction and building operations will be important. While implementing BIM in the ways we recommend may consume more resources initially, the benefits will allow a more efficient use of those finite resources.
Nicola Ianeselli, BIM lead for BEC Industries; Riccordo Coccoluto, BIM coordinator at Ricardo Bofill Taller de Arquitectura; and Massimo Purin, BIM expert for Italy’s LFAGroup and Sebastiano Fabrizio Muscolino, BIM Expert for eFM spa., can be reached at nianeselli@becgrid.com.
