Officials of the Port of Long Beach in California, the nation’s second-busiest seaport, on Aug. 20 marked substantial completion of what they say is the most sustainable container terminal in North America and one of the most technologically sophisticated in the world.
在港口港口吹捧“零排放”的长滩集装箱终端，港口执行董事马里奥·科尔德罗（Mario Cordero）间接地讲话recent media reports pointing to regional pollution caused通过它和洛杉矶港口。
“There has been a lot of media discussion about pollution in this region,” said Cordero at the press conference. “Today, the Port of Long Beach has done something about it.”
The huge terminal features the first-ever use of automated guided vehicles at a U.S. port. Guided by transponders in the asphalt, the battery-powered vehicles transport containers from ships to storage areas and can recharge themselves.
Phase 1 was completed in April 2016 with 151 acres, allowing private terminal operator LBCT Inc. to begin operations. Phase 2 was put into operation in October 2017, expanding the facility to 191 acres. The third phase concluded in July, expanding the terminal to 300 acres with a completed container yard, on-dock rail yard, terminal administration building and a 4,200-ft-long wharf. In a separate component, the North Gate Expansion is expected to complete by 2025, expanding the terminal to 303 acres.
The $1.5-billion project is the main feature of the decade-long中港重建计划, which launched in 2011 and involved dredging wider and deeper channels, wharf construction, backlands development, shore-to-ship power, expansion of on-dock railyard facilities, and a 4,200-ft concrete pile-supported wharf with three deepwater berths that support 18 shore-to-ship gantry cranes.
The expansion increases terminal capacity by 1 million Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit (TEUs) to 3.5 million TEUs a year, said Anthony Otto, LBCT Inc. CEO. TEUs are the typical shipping containers that come on and off ships.
“Most important is that Long Beach Container Terminal is the first near-zero emissions terminal in North America,” he said. “The new model established here … proves that the industry can [provide services] in a more sustainable way.”
关于港口的洛杉矶时报社论强调，在激励卡车司机用清洁型号替换柴油卡车的情况下缺乏进展。港口官员强调，该航站楼将促进更快的卡车周转时间，从而减少排放。此外，该港口正计划将船上的铁路容量扩大11％至35％，从而进一步降低了卡车依赖。根据港口的说法，一列双堆列火车相当于75辆卡车。
这座耗资8.7亿美元，171英亩的轨道设施定于2023年建造，将是一个全方位服务的登台区，用于存放，分类和组装高达10,000英尺长的火车。第一次到达，出发和存储轨道预计将于2024年投入运行。其他曲目将于2030年在线上线，整个项目计划于2032年完成。
Engineers' "Disneyland"
With everything from rail to wharves and dredging, to buildings, solar car ports and substations, the Middle Harbor redevelopment "was like Disneyland for engineers," says John Chun, the port's director of engineering design. "Everything that we can electrify, we have."
在十年的时间里，建筑必须与现有的终端操作共存，而工程师需要关注快速发展的趋势。项目管理总监托马斯·鲍德温（Thomas Baldwin）表示：“在码头设计和整个总体规划过程中，船只的设计发生了很大变化。”“它以8,000 TEU的能力开始。几年后，我们谈论的是18,000个Teus。”铺路系统需要处理自动化的车辆，而自动化的车辆可能会重达60吨。
此外，对起重机产能的需求变得更大，工程师还必须将其纳入设计中。她指出，该航站楼的最终容量为350万，年度TEU，将是美国第六繁忙的港口，“它拥有世界上最大，最先进的船上起重机。一切都必须越来越大，”她说。由于地震考虑的考虑，码头设计已经具有挑战性，其中包括八角形混凝土桩125至135英尺长以应付能力。
The work entailed demolishing an old wharf supported on timber piles, to be replaced by the newe 4,200-ft-long wharf. "We tried to extract as many of those piles as possible," says Baldwin. Sometimes they snapped off, or created voids. Subsidence caused by existing oil field operations was addressed with landfill and having oil extractors compensate for voids by adding water.
The new intermodal rail yard includes 70,000 track ft. "There are 12 tracks, and each is almost a mile long," says Baldwin. "There are four storage tracks, and eight working tracks. Five dual cantilevered gantry cranes with room for a sixth. It's one of most modern railyards ever built, with 1.1 million-TEU capacity."
